The Rise of Universities by Charles Homer Haskins Essay

The Rise of Universities by Charles home run Haskins - Essay ExampleOn the one hand, a university represented a traditional craft-type corporation (universitas), which brought unneurotic people of a specific occupation type.At the same age, the internal organization of universities hold kinda an unusual, for that sort of corporations, position - it was given the certain features of republicanism all full-fledged citizens had the upright to elect and be elected to various university positions. According to some researchers, the earliest university in Medieval Europe was the one in Salerno.It was ontogeny on the basis of the oldest medical school of Salerno, the first mention of which dates back to 197 A.D. The Hippocratic community (civitas Hippocratica), which existed there, continue and developed the best of the ancient medical heritage.Salerno medical school, as one of the largest educational centers, was known until 1812.However, it did non become the university.Mainly, bec ause the school did not teach on the same high level (as medicine) all the rest subjects. The named above reason accounts for the fact that its considered that the most ancient European universities are the ones in Bologna, which was founded at the end of the 11th century, and Paris the 12th century.The named universities, although formed almost simultaneously, differed in their internal structure and epitomized the dickens main types of universities in Medieval Europe.The first (Bologna) university developed as the major centre for study of roman print law in Western Europe.According to contemporaries,in theearly 13th century, more than10 kelvin peoplefrom all overEurope studied inBologna. The famous Bologneseprofessorshad so manylistenersthat hadto whipoutside, in the streets.Almostall the languagesof Europe wererepresented there.The university becameknown a global one.It was Bologna, wherefor the first timeappeared theso-called fraternities. It grew up on the basis of urban secular schools (School of Glossators) and was the organization of students.This means that the student guilds arrogated to themselves the right to manage the entire lick of university life.Teachers of the University of Bologna were denied the right to vote at university meetings the entire training process took place under the strict supervision of students and professors could be fined for violations of academic activity. But especially famous in Medieval Europe was the University of Paris Sinai of education.Not without reason there was a common saying in those days - in Italy - the papacy, in Germany - the Emperor, in France the University.It had about seven thousand people, which included not but teachers and students, but operational staff as well (booksellers, scribes of manuscripts, makers of parchment, pens, ink powder, apothecaries, innkeepers and moneylenders, who lend money to schoolmen and teachers).Unlike the University of Bologna, it was controlled by associations of teachers, not schoolmen.But those were not just teacher - students of senior faculties, who managed to complete the preparatory faculty (foundation studies).They were both Masters of the seven Liberal Arts and students.Naturally, they began to oppose themselves to other teachers, schoolies and townspeople, claiming to determine their status.In 1215 ended the postulate for autonomy of the University of Paris against the bishop.Paris masters received the support of the Pope, however, for that they were